| Bata Shoe Factory (East Tilbury) | |
|---|---|
Abandoned Bata Shoe Factory in East Tilbury, UK |
|
| Built | 1932 |
| Location | East Tilbury |
| Industry | footwear |
| Products | shoes |
| Employees | 4,000 |
| Architect | František Lydie Gahura & Vladimír Karfík |
| Style | modernist |
| Address | Princess Margaret Road, East Tilbury, RM18 1 |
| Defunct | 2005 |
The Bata shoe factory in East Tilbury is what remains of an industrial estate in Essex which produced shoes for over 70 years. Founded in 1932 by Tomáš Baťa, the factory was "one of the most important planned landscapes in the East of England" in the 20th Century.[1][2] The factory closed in 2005.
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Bata Shoes was founded in 1894 by Tomáš Baťa in Zlín (then Austro-Hungarian Empire, today the Czech Republic).[3] After the plea of a Tilbury clergyman to alleviate unemployment during the Great Depression[4] and in part to overcome customs tariffs on foreign products,[3] construction began in 1932 on the Bata shoe factory in East Tilbury.[5] For the remaining years of the 20th century, the factory was an economic force in the Tilbury area and provided a unique model of a Company town in Britain complete with worker housing, schools and entertainment.[4]
In 1933 the first "Bata houses" for workers were built, set among gardens in a checkerboard pattern, which were distinct from the more typical Victorian terraced housing in the area. [4] The factory's architecture "predates" and "perhaps eclipses" other British examples of modernist architecture such as Highpoint I or the Isokon building, according to The Guardian.[5] Built of welded steel columns, roof trusses and reinforced concrete walls, the estate's buildings were quite atypical of other red-bricked and sloped-roofed London suburbs. [6][2] All the social needs of the workforce were met by the factory,[7] and "Bata-ville" had all the services of a normal town, including a theater, sports facilities, hotel, restaurant, grocery and butcher shops, post office, and its own newspaper.[5]
The German occupation of Czechoslovakia caused turmoil for Bata Shoes generally, but the factory in East Tilbury thrived and "British Bata" was born.[8] As male factory workers were called to arms, their wives often took over their jobs.[4] While in the armed forces, employees received the company newspaper, the Bata Record, along with food and cigarette parcels. At least 81 Bata employees from the Tilbury factory died in the war.[4] At the end of hostilities, Bata's home office and other facilities throughout eastern Europe were nationalized by communist regimes. [3]
The Bata factory in East Tilbury remained in steady use for over 70 years, but production was gradually shifted to facilities closer to its export markets in the 1960s.[5] Factory downsizing began in the 1980s and the Bata industrial estate came to a close in 2005.[2][5] The East Tilbury (Bata) Conservation Area was designated in 1993 by Thurrock Council and includes a Grade II listed building.[2][9]
In June 2011, an interactive trail was launched as an iPhone app known as Thurrock Mobile Explorer. This describes a route around the Bata estate and provides information about the history and environment at numbered points.[10]
Jan Tůša, the father of John Tusa helped design and build the Tilbury factory, and rose to become managing director of the British Bata company. The Tusa family lived in nearby Horndon on the Hill, from 1939, though John Tusa was born in Czechoslovakia.[11]